1992 AMC 12 Problem 30

Attempt Problem 30 of the 1992 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1992 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

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30.

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid with bases AB=92AB=92 and CD=19.CD=19. Suppose AD=BC=xAD=BC=x and a circle with center on AB‾\overline{AB} is tangent to segments AD‾\overline{AD} and BC‾.\overline{BC}. If mm is the smallest possible value of x,x, then m2=m^2=
13691369
16791679
17481748
21092109
88258825
Answer: B
Concepts:isosceles trapezoidcircle tangent to linesoptimizationcoordinate geometry
Small hint:
By symmetry, place the trapezoid with its bases centered on the same vertical axis and put the circle’s center at the midpoint of ABAB
Big hint:
Write the distance from the center to a leg and require the tangency point to lie on the leg segment; the minimum occurs at an endpoint case
Solution:
Place A=(−46,0),A=(-46,0), B=(46,0),B=(46,0), D=(−192,h),D=(-\frac{19}{2},h), and C=(192,h).C=(\frac{19}{2},h). Symmetry forces the circle’s center to be O=(0,0).O=(0,0). The horizontal offset along each leg is 732,\frac{73}{2}, so x2=h2+(732)2. x^2=h^2+\left(\frac{73}{2}\right)^2. The perpendicular from OO to a leg first has its foot on the segment when the foot reaches the upper endpoint; this boundary condition is OD⊥AD.OD\perp AD. Thus (−192,h)⋅(732,h)=0,h2=13874. \begin{aligned} (-\frac{19}{2},h)\cdot(\frac{73}{2},h)&=0,\\ h^2&=\frac{1387}{4}. \end{aligned} Therefore m2=1387+53294=1679. m^2=\frac{1387+5329}{4}=1679.
Thus the correct answer is B.
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