1958 AMC 12 第 50 题

先试着解答 1958 AMC 12 第 50 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1958 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

50.

图中给出了一种将线段 ABAB 上所有点与线段 A′B′A'B' 上各点互相对应的方法。为解析描述这种对应,设 xx 为 ABAB 上一点 PP 到 DD 的距离,yy 为 A′B′A'B' 上对应点 P′P' 到 D′D' 的距离。对任意一对对应点,若 x=ax=a,则 x+yx+y 等于:
In this diagram a scheme is indicated for associating all the points of segment ABAB with those of segment A′B′,A'B', and reciprocally. To describe this association scheme analytically, let xx be the distance from a point PP on ABAB to DD and let yy be the distance from the associated point P′P' of A′B′A'B' to D′.D'. Then for any pair of associated points, if x=a,x=a, x+yx+y equals:
13a13a
17a−5117a-51
17−3a17-3a
17−3a4\dfrac{17-3a}{4}
12a−3412a-34
答案:C
知识点:相似一次方程变换
小提示:
图中的透视线使 x=3x=3 对应 y=5y=5,并使 x=4x=4 对应 y=1y=1
The perspective lines in the diagram associate x=3x=3 with y=5y=5 and x=4x=4 with y=1y=1
大提示:
由于两条标有数字的线段平行,xx 与 yy 之间的对应关系是线性的
Because the two numbered segments are parallel, the induced relation between xx and yy is linear
解答:
两条标有数字的线段平行,因此经过固定交点的投影给出 xx 与 yy 的线性关系。图示端点对应为 (x,y)=(3,5)(x,y)=(3,5) 和 (x,y)=(4,1)(x,y)=(4,1)。斜率为 1−54−3=−4\frac{1-5}{4-3}=-4,所以 y=−4x+17y=-4x+17。若 x=ax=a,则 x+y=a+(−4a+17)=17−3a。 \begin{aligned} x+y &=a+(-4a+17)\\ &=17-3a \end{aligned}\text{。}
所以正确答案为 C。
The two numbered segments are parallel, so projection through the fixed intersection point gives a linear relation between xx and y.y. The endpoint associations shown are (x,y)=(3,5)(x,y)=(3,5) and (x,y)=(4,1).(x,y)=(4,1). The slope is 1−54−3=−4,\frac{1-5}{4-3}=-4, so y=−4x+17.y=-4x+17. If x=a,x=a, then x+y=a+(−4a+17)=17−3a. \begin{aligned} x+y &=a+(-4a+17)\\ &=17-3a. \end{aligned}
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
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