1990 AMC 12 Problem 28

Attempt Problem 28 of the 1990 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1990 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

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28.

A quadrilateral that has consecutive sides of lengths 70,70, 90,90, 130,130, and 110110 is inscribed in a circle and also has a circle inscribed in it. The point of tangency of the inscribed circle to the side of length 130130 divides that side into segments of lengths xx and y.y. Find ∣x−y∣.|x-y|.
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Answer: B
Concepts:tangential quadrilateralcyclic quadrilateraltangent lengths
Small hint:
Assign one tangent length to each vertex, so adjacent pairs sum to the four side lengths
Big hint:
For supplementary opposite angles, the products of the tangent lengths at opposite vertices are equal
Solution:
Let the tangent lengths from the four consecutive vertices be u,v,w,z.u,v,w,z. Then u+v=70,v+w=90,w+z=130,z+u=110. \begin{aligned} u+v&=70, &v+w&=90,\\ w+z&=130, &z+u&=110. \end{aligned} Thus v=70−u,v=70-u, w=20+u,w=20+u, and z=110−u.z=110-u. If the inradius is r,r, a vertex with angle AA has tangent length rcot⁡(A2).r\cot(\frac{A}{2}). Opposite angles are supplementary, so uw=vz.uw=vz. Therefore u(20+u)=(70−u)(110−u), u(20+u)=(70-u)(110-u), giving u=38.5.u=38.5. Hence the two segments of the 130130-side are w=58.5w=58.5 and z=71.5,z=71.5, whose difference is 13.13.
Thus the correct answer is B.
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