1950 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

若将 6464 按 22、44 和 66 的比例分成三部分,则最小的一部分是:
If 6464 is divided into three parts proportional to 2,2, 4,4, and 6,6, the smallest part is:
5135\dfrac{1}{3}
1111
102310\dfrac{2}{3}
55
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:比与比例分数
小提示:
将比例中的三个数相加,求出总份数
Add the three numbers in the ratio to find the total number of equal shares
大提示:
最小的一部分是 6464 的 22+4+6\dfrac{2}{2+4+6}
The smallest part is 22+4+6\dfrac{2}{2+4+6} of 6464
解答:
这个比共有 2+4+6=122+4+6=12 个等份。因此,最小的一部分为 64(212)=323=1023。 64\left(\frac{2}{12}\right)=\frac{32}{3}=10\frac{2}{3}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 C。
The ratio contains 2+4+6=122+4+6=12 equal shares. The smallest part is therefore 64(212)=323=1023. 64\left(\frac{2}{12}\right)=\frac{32}{3}=10\frac{2}{3}.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

设 R=gS−4R=gS-4。当 S=8S=8 时,R=16R=16;当 S=10S=10 时,RR 等于:
Let R=gS−4.R=gS-4. When S=8,S=8, R=16.R=16. When S=10,S=10, RR is equal to:
1111
1414
2020
2121
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
难度评级:870
小提示:
先代入已知的 RR 和 SS,求出 gg
First substitute the given values of RR and SS to determine gg
大提示:
第一组数值给出 16=8g−416=8g-4
The first pair gives 16=8g−416=8g-4
解答:
代入 S=8S=8 和 R=16R=16,得到 16=8g−416=8g-4,所以 g=52g=\tfrac52。因此,当 S=10S=10 时, R=52(10)−4=21。 R=\frac52(10)-4=21\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 D。
Substituting S=8S=8 and R=16R=16 gives 16=8g−4,16=8g-4, so g=52.g=\tfrac52. Hence, when S=10,S=10, R=52(10)−4=21. R=\frac52(10)-4=21.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

方程 4x2+5−8x=04x^2+5-8x=0 的两根之和等于:
The sum of the roots of the equation 4x2+5−8x=04x^2+5-8x=0 is equal to:
88
−5-5
−54-\dfrac54
−2-2
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
难度评级:1500
小提示:
将方程按 xx 的降幂排列
Rewrite the equation in descending powers of xx
大提示:
对于 ax2+bx+c=0ax^2+bx+c=0,两根之和为 −ba-\frac{b}{a}
For ax2+bx+c=0,ax^2+bx+c=0, the sum of the roots is −ba-\frac{b}{a}
解答:
方程的标准形式为 4x2−8x+5=04x^2-8x+5=0。由韦达定理,两根之和为 −−84=2。 -\frac{-8}{4}=2\text{。}这个值不在选项 A 至 D 中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
In standard form the equation is 4x2−8x+5=0.4x^2-8x+5=0. By Vieta’s formulas, the sum of its roots is −−84=2. -\frac{-8}{4}=2. This value is not among choices A through D.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

4.

化为最简式后, a2−b2ab−ab−b2ab−a2 \frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}-\frac{ab-b^2}{ab-a^2} 等于:
Reduced to lowest terms, a2−b2ab−ab−b2ab−a2 \frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}-\frac{ab-b^2}{ab-a^2} is equal to:
ab\dfrac{a}{b}
a2−2b2ab\dfrac{a^2-2b^2}{ab}
a2a^2
a−2ba-2b
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
难度评级:1600
小提示:
分别因式分解 a2−b2a^2-b^2、ab−b2ab-b^2 和 ab−a2ab-a^2
Factor a2−b2,a^2-b^2, ab−b2,ab-b^2, and ab−a2ab-a^2
大提示:
第二个分式可化简为 −ba-\frac{b}{a}
The second fraction simplifies to −ba-\frac{b}{a}
解答:
将各个分子和分母因式分解,得到 a2−b2ab−ab−b2ab−a2=(ab−ba)−b(a−b)a(b−a)=ab−ba+ba=ab。 \begin{aligned} &\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab} -\frac{ab-b^2}{ab-a^2}\\ &=\left(\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a}\right)\\ &\quad-\frac{b(a-b)}{a(b-a)}\\ &=\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a} +\frac{b}{a}\\ &=\frac{a}{b} \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 A。
Factoring the numerators and denominator gives a2−b2ab−ab−b2ab−a2=(ab−ba)−b(a−b)a(b−a)=ab−ba+ba=ab. \begin{aligned} &\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab} -\frac{ab-b^2}{ab-a^2}\\ &=\left(\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a}\right)\\ &\quad-\frac{b(a-b)}{a(b-a)}\\ &=\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a} +\frac{b}{a}\\ &=\frac{a}{b}. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

在 88 和 58325832 之间插入五个等比中项后,所得等比数列的第五项是:
If five geometric means are inserted between 88 and 5832,5832, the fifth term in the geometric series is:
648648
832832
11681168
19441944
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:等比数列指数
难度评级:1670
小提示:
插入五个等比中项后,两个已知数分别是第一项和第七项
Inserting five means makes the given numbers the first and seventh terms
大提示:
若公比为 qq,则 8q6=58328q^6=5832
If the common ratio is q,q, then 8q6=58328q^6=5832
解答:
从第一项 88 到第七项 58325832 需要连续乘六次公比。因此, q6=58328=729=36, q^6=\frac{5832}{8}=729=3^6\text{,}所以正公比为 q=3q=3。第五项是 8q4=8⋅34=648。 8q^4=8\cdot3^4=648\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 A。
There are six common-ratio steps from the first term 88 to the seventh term 5832.5832. Thus q6=58328=729=36, q^6=\frac{5832}{8}=729=3^6, so the positive common ratio is q=3.q=3. The fifth term is 8q4=8⋅34=648. 8q^4=8\cdot3^4=648.
Thus, the correct answer is A.

6.

满足下列方程组的 yy 值
2x2+6x+5y+1=0,2x+y+3=0 \begin{aligned} 2x^2+6x+5y+1&=0,\\ 2x+y+3&=0 \end{aligned}
可以通过求解下列方程得到:
The values of yy which will satisfy the equations
2x2+6x+5y+1=0,2x+y+3=0 \begin{aligned} 2x^2+6x+5y+1&=0,\\ 2x+y+3&=0 \end{aligned}
may be found by solving:
y2+14y−7=0y^2+14y-7=0
y2+8y+1=0y^2+8y+1=0
y2+10y−7=0y^2+10y-7=0
y2+y−12=0y^2+y-12=0
以上方程均不正确
None of the above equations
难度评级:1640
小提示:
将线性方程中的 xx 用 yy 表示
Solve the linear equation for xx in terms of yy
大提示:
将 x=−(y+3)2x=-\frac{(y+3)}{2} 代入第一个方程,再消去分母
Substitute x=−(y+3)2x=-\frac{(y+3)}{2} into the first equation and clear the denominator
解答:
由第二个方程可得 x=−y+32x=-\tfrac{y+3}{2}。将其代入第一个方程并乘以 22,得到 (y+3)2−6(y+3)+10y+2=0,y2+10y−7=0。 \begin{aligned} &(y+3)^2-6(y+3)\\ &\quad+10y+2=0,\\ &y^2+10y-7=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 C。
From the second equation, x=−y+32.x=-\tfrac{y+3}{2}. Substituting into the first equation and multiplying by 22 gives (y+3)2−6(y+3)+10y+2=0,y2+10y−7=0. \begin{aligned} &(y+3)^2-6(y+3)\\ &\quad+10y+2=0,\\ &y^2+10y-7=0. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is C.

7.

若在一个两位数后添上数字 11,这个两位数的十位数字为 tt,个位数字为 uu,则新数为:
If the digit 11 is placed after a two digit number whose tens’ digit is t,t, and units’ digit is u,u, the new number is:
10t+u+110t+u+1
100t+10u+1100t+10u+1
1000t+10u+11000t+10u+1
t+u+1t+u+1
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:位值数字
难度评级:770
小提示:
原来的两位数是 10t+u10t+u
The original two digit number is 10t+u10t+u
大提示:
在末尾添上一位数字,要先将原数乘以 1010,再加上该数字
Appending a digit multiplies the original number by 1010 before adding that digit
解答:
这个两位数是 10t+u10t+u。在它后面添上 11,得到 10(10t+u)+1=100t+10u+1。 \begin{aligned} &10(10t+u)+1\\ &=100t+10u+1 \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 B。
The two digit number is 10t+u.10t+u. Placing 11 after it produces 10(10t+u)+1=100t+10u+1. \begin{aligned} &10(10t+u)+1\\ &=100t+10u+1. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

若圆的半径增加 100%100\%,则面积增加:
If the radius of a circle is increased 100%,100\%, the area is increased:
100%100\%
200%200\%
300%300\%
400%400\%
以上各项均不是
By none of these
难度评级:1220
小提示:
增加 100%100\% 意味着半径变为原来的两倍
An increase of 100%100\% doubles the radius
大提示:
圆的面积与半径的平方成正比
Circle area is proportional to the square of the radius
解答:
将 rr 增加 100%100\% 后,半径变为 2r2r。面积从 πr2\pi r^2 变为 π(2r)2=4πr2\pi(2r)^2=4\pi r^2,增加了 3πr23\pi r^2,即原面积的 300%300\%。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Increasing rr by 100%100\% changes it to 2r.2r. The area changes from πr2\pi r^2 to π(2r)2=4πr2,\pi(2r)^2=4\pi r^2, an increase of 3πr2.3\pi r^2. This is 300%300\% of the original area.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

9.

半径为 rr 的半圆内所能内接的最大三角形的面积为:
The area of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in a semicircle whose radius is rr is:
r2r^2
r3r^3
2r22r^2
2r32r^3
12r2\dfrac12r^2
难度评级:1600
小提示:
最长的底边是半圆的直径
The longest possible base is the diameter of the semicircle
大提示:
以直径为底边时,最大高等于半径
With the diameter as base, the greatest possible altitude is the radius
解答:
半圆内三角形的底边至多为直径 2r2r,高至多为 rr。因此,其面积至多为 12(2r)(r)=r2。 \frac12(2r)(r)=r^2\text{。}取直径为底边、半圆的最高点为第三个顶点时,可以达到这个上界。
因此,正确答案是 A。
A triangle in the semicircle has base at most the diameter 2r2r and altitude at most r.r. Therefore its area is at most 12(2r)(r)=r2. \frac12(2r)(r)=r^2. This bound is attained by using the diameter as the base and the topmost point of the semicircle as the third vertex.
Thus, the correct answer is A.

10.

将 3−23\dfrac{\sqrt3-\sqrt2}{\sqrt3} 的分子有理化后,最简形式的分母为:
After rationalizing the numerator of 3−23,\dfrac{\sqrt3-\sqrt2}{\sqrt3}, the denominator in simplest form is:
3(3+2)\sqrt3(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)
3(3−2)\sqrt3(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)
3−323-\sqrt3\sqrt2
3+63+\sqrt6
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
难度评级:1530
小提示:
分子、分母同乘原分子的共轭式
Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator
大提示:
分子变为 (3−2)(3+2)=1(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)=1
The numerator becomes (3−2)(3+2)=1(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)=1
解答:
分子、分母同乘原分子的共轭式,得到 3−23⋅3+23+2=13(3+2)=13+6。 \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt3-\sqrt2}{\sqrt3} \cdot\frac{\sqrt3+\sqrt2}{\sqrt3+\sqrt2}\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt3(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)}\\ &=\frac{1}{3+\sqrt6} \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 D。
Multiplying by the conjugate of the numerator gives 3−23⋅3+23+2=13(3+2)=13+6. \begin{aligned} &\frac{\sqrt3-\sqrt2}{\sqrt3} \cdot\frac{\sqrt3+\sqrt2}{\sqrt3+\sqrt2}\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt3(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)}\\ &=\frac{1}{3+\sqrt6}. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

在公式 C=enR+nrC=\dfrac{en}{R+nr} 中,若增大 nn,而保持 ee、RR 和 rr 不变,则 CC:
If in the formula C=enR+nr,C=\dfrac{en}{R+nr}, nn is increased while e,e, R,R, and rr are kept constant, then C:C:
减小
Decreases
增大
Increases
保持不变
Remains constant
先增大后减小
Increases and then decreases
先减小后增大
Decreases and then increases
知识点:函数代数变形
难度评级:1580
小提示:
分子、分母同除以 nn
Divide the numerator and denominator by nn
大提示:
当正数 nn 增大时,Rn\frac{R}{n} 减小
As positive nn grows, Rn\frac{R}{n} decreases
解答:
将公式改写为 C=eRn+r。 C=\frac{e}{\frac{R}{n}+r}\text{。}当正数 nn 增大时,Rn\frac{R}{n} 减小,所以正分母减小,而分子保持不变。因此,CC 增大。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Rewrite the formula as C=eRn+r. C=\frac{e}{\frac{R}{n}+r}. As positive nn increases, Rn\frac{R}{n} decreases, so the positive denominator decreases while the numerator remains fixed. Therefore CC increases.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

12.

当多边形的边数从 33 增加到 nn 时,依次延长各边所形成的外角之和:
As the number of sides of a polygon increases from 33 to n,n, the sum of the exterior angles formed by extending each side in succession:
增大
Increases
减小
Decreases
保持不变
Remains constant
无法确定
Cannot be predicted
变为 (n−3)(n-3) 个平角
Becomes (n−3)(n-3) straight angles
知识点:角度和
难度评级:1310
小提示:
想象沿多边形的边界走一周
Imagine walking once around the boundary of the polygon
大提示:
所有外角合起来表示完整转一周
The exterior angles record one complete turn
解答:
沿多边形走一周,并在每个顶点转过相应的外角,恰好完成一整圈。因此,无论边数多少,外角和始终为 360∘360^\circ。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Traversing the polygon and turning through each exterior angle makes one complete turn. Hence the sum is always 360∘,360^\circ, independent of the number of sides.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

方程 (x2−3x+2)(x)(x−4)=0(x^2-3x+2)(x)(x-4)=0 的根为:
The roots of (x2−3x+2)(x)(x−4)=0(x^2-3x+2)(x)(x-4)=0 are:
44
00 和 44
00 and 44
11 和 22
11 and 22
00、11、22 和 44
0,0, 1,1, 2,2, and 44
11、22 和 44
1,1, 2,2, and 44
难度评级:1410
小提示:
将二次因式分解
Factor the quadratic factor
大提示:
乘积为零时,至少有一个因式为零
A product is zero when at least one of its factors is zero
解答:
由于 x2−3x+2=(x−1)(x−2)x^2-3x+2=(x-1)(x-2),原方程化为 (x−1)(x−2)x(x−4)=0。 (x-1)(x-2)x(x-4)=0\text{。}它的根为 00、11、22 和 44。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Since x2−3x+2=(x−1)(x−2),x^2-3x+2=(x-1)(x-2), the equation becomes (x−1)(x−2)x(x−4)=0. (x-1)(x-2)x(x-4)=0. Its roots are 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, and 4.4.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

14.

对于方程组
2x−3y=8,6y−4x=9, \begin{aligned} 2x-3y&=8,\\ 6y-4x&=9\text{,} \end{aligned}
For the simultaneous equations
2x−3y=8,6y−4x=9, \begin{aligned} 2x-3y&=8,\\ 6y-4x&=9, \end{aligned}
x=4,x=4, y=0y=0
x=0,x=0, y=32y=\dfrac32
x=0,x=0, y=0y=0
无解
There is no solution
有无穷多个解
There are an infinite number of solutions
难度评级:1510
小提示:
比较第二个方程的左边与第一个方程的左边
Compare the left side of the second equation with the left side of the first
大提示:
若将第一个方程乘以 −2-2,则第二个方程的右边应为 −16-16
Multiplying the first equation by −2-2 would require the second right side to be −16-16
解答:
第二个方程的左边是 −2(2x−3y)-2(2x-3y)。若第一个方程成立,这个式子必须等于 −2⋅8=−16-2\cdot8=-16,但第二个方程却规定它等于 99。这个矛盾说明不存在同时满足两个方程的有序数对。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The left side of the second equation is −2(2x−3y).-2(2x-3y). If the first equation holds, that expression must equal −2⋅8=−16,-2\cdot8=-16, but the second equation says it equals 9.9. This contradiction means that no ordered pair satisfies both equations.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

在实数范围内,x2+4x^2+4 的因式为:
The real factors of x2+4x^2+4 are:
(x2+2)(x2+2)(x^2+2)(x^2+2)
(x2+2)(x2−2)(x^2+2)(x^2-2)
x2(x2+4)x^2(x^2+4)
(x2−2x+2)(x2+2x+2)(x^2-2x+2)(x^2+2x+2)
不存在
Non-existent
难度评级:1400
小提示:
一个实数一次因式对应一个实根
A real linear factor would correspond to a real root
大提示:
解 x2+4=0x^2+4=0 需要满足 x2=−4x^2=-4
Solving x2+4=0x^2+4=0 requires x2=−4x^2=-4
解答:
若有实数一次因式,就会有实根。然而,x2+4=0x^2+4=0 可推出 x2=−4x^2=-4,它没有实数解。因此,这个多项式没有实数一次因式。
因此,正确答案是 E。
A real linear factor would give a real root. But x2+4=0x^2+4=0 implies x2=−4,x^2=-4, which has no real solution. Therefore the polynomial has no real linear factors.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

将 [(a+3b)2(a−3b)2]2\big[(a+3b)^2(a-3b)^2\big]^2 展开并合并同类项后,项数为:
The number of terms in the expansion of [(a+3b)2(a−3b)2]2\big[(a+3b)^2(a-3b)^2\big]^2 when simplified is:
44
55
66
77
88
难度评级:1580
小提示:
展开前,先将 a+3ba+3b 与 a−3ba-3b 相乘
Combine a+3ba+3b and a−3ba-3b before expanding
大提示:
原式可化简为 (a2−9b2)4(a^2-9b^2)^4
The expression simplifies to (a2−9b2)4(a^2-9b^2)^4
解答:
利用平方差公式, [(a+3b)2(a−3b)2]2=[(a2−9b2)2]2=(a2−9b2)4。 \begin{aligned} &\big[(a+3b)^2(a-3b)^2\big]^2\\ &=\big[(a^2-9b^2)^2\big]^2\\ &=(a^2-9b^2)^4 \end{aligned}\text{。}其二项式展开中,指数的每个取值 0,1,2,3,40,1,2,3,4 都对应一个非零项,因此共有五项。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Using the difference of squares, [(a+3b)2(a−3b)2]2=[(a2−9b2)2]2=(a2−9b2)4. \begin{aligned} &\big[(a+3b)^2(a-3b)^2\big]^2\\ &=\big[(a^2-9b^2)^2\big]^2\\ &=(a^2-9b^2)^4. \end{aligned} Its binomial expansion has one nonzero term for each exponent choice 0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2,3,4, so it has five terms.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

17.

下表所示的 xx 与 yy 之间的关系式为:
x01234y1009070400 \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline x&0&1&2&3&4\\ \hline y&100&90&70&40&0\\ \hline \end{array}
The formula which expresses the relationship between xx and yy as shown in the accompanying table is:
x01234y1009070400 \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline x&0&1&2&3&4\\ \hline y&100&90&70&40&0\\ \hline \end{array}
y=100−10xy=100-10x
y=100−5x2y=100-5x^2
y=100−5x−5x2y=100-5x-5x^2
y=20−x−x2y=20-x-x^2
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1360
小提示:
将表中一个较小的非零值(如 x=1x=1)代入各个备选公式
Substitute a small nonzero table value such as x=1x=1 into each proposed formula
大提示:
再用 x=2x=2 或 x=3x=3 检验剩下的公式
Then verify the surviving formula with x=2x=2 or x=3x=3
解答:
当 x=1x=1 时,选项 A 和 C 均得到 9090,而 B 得到 9595,D 得到 1818。再令 x=2x=2 检验剩下的两个选项:A 得到 8080,而 C 得到 100−5(2)−5(22)=70, 100-5(2)-5(2^2)=70\text{,}与表格相符。
因此,正确答案是 C。
At x=1,x=1, choices A and C both give 90,90, while B gives 9595 and D gives 18.18. Testing the two survivors at x=2,x=2, choice A gives 80,80, whereas choice C gives 100−5(2)−5(22)=70, 100-5(2)-5(2^2)=70, matching the table.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

18.

下列各式中
(1)a(x−y)=ax−ay(1)\quad a(x-y)=ax-ay
(2)ax−y=ax−ay(2)\quad a^{x-y}=a^x-a^y
(3)log⁡(x−y)=log⁡x−log⁡y(3)\quad \log(x-y)=\log x-\log y
(4)log⁡xlog⁡y=log⁡x−log⁡y(4)\quad \dfrac{\log x}{\log y}=\log x-\log y
(5)a(xy)=ax×ay(5)\quad a(xy)=ax\times ay
Of the following
(1)a(x−y)=ax−ay(1)\quad a(x-y)=ax-ay
(2)ax−y=ax−ay(2)\quad a^{x-y}=a^x-a^y
(3)log⁡(x−y)=log⁡x−log⁡y(3)\quad \log(x-y)=\log x-\log y
(4)log⁡xlog⁡y=log⁡x−log⁡y(4)\quad \dfrac{\log x}{\log y}=\log x-\log y
(5)a(xy)=ax×ay(5)\quad a(xy)=ax\times ay
只有 11 和 44 正确
Only 11 and 44 are true
只有 11 和 55 正确
Only 11 and 55 are true
只有 11 和 33 正确
Only 11 and 33 are true
只有 11 和 22 正确
Only 11 and 22 are true
只有 11 正确
Only 11 is true
难度评级:1470
小提示:
将每个等式与指数和对数的标准运算法则比较
Compare each statement with the standard rules for exponents and logarithms
大提示:
特别注意,指数或对数内部的减法不能按题中方式分配
In particular, subtraction inside an exponent or logarithm does not distribute as written
解答:
等式 11 是分配律。等式 22 错误,因为 ax−y=axaya^{x-y}=\frac{a^x}{a^y}。等式 33 错误,因为 log⁡x−log⁡y=log⁡(xy)\log x-\log y=\log(\frac{x}{y})。等式 44 把换底公式中的商误写成了差;等式 55 的右边应化为 a2xya^2xy,而不是 axyaxy。
因此,只有等式 11 正确,所以正确答案是 E。
Statement 11 is the distributive property. Statement 22 is false because ax−y=axay.a^{x-y}=\frac{a^x}{a^y}. Statement 33 is false because log⁡x−log⁡y=log⁡(xy).\log x-\log y=\log(\frac{x}{y}). Statement 44 confuses the change-of-base quotient with a difference, and statement 55 has right side a2xy,a^2xy, not axy.axy.
Thus, only statement 11 is true, so the correct answer is E.

19.

若 mm 名工人可在 dd 天内完成一项工作,则 m+rm+r 名工人完成这项工作需要:
If mm men can do a job in dd days, then m+rm+r men can do the job in:
d+rd+r 天
d+rd+r days
d−rd-r 天
d−rd-r days
mdm+r\dfrac{md}{m+r} 天
mdm+r\dfrac{md}{m+r} days
dm+r\dfrac{d}{m+r} 天
dm+r\dfrac{d}{m+r} days
以上答案均不正确
None of these
知识点:速率比与比例
难度评级:1220
小提示:
用人日衡量总工作量
Measure the total job in man-days
大提示:
原来的工人共完成 mdmd 人日的工作
The original crew performs mdmd man-days of work
解答:
这项工作需要 m⋅d=mdm\cdot d=md 人日。若 m+rm+r 名工人的个人效率相同,则所需天数为 mdm+r。 \frac{md}{m+r}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 C。
The job requires m⋅d=mdm\cdot d=md man-days. With m+rm+r men working at the same individual rate, the required number of days is mdm+r. \frac{md}{m+r}.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

用 x−1x-1 除 x13+1x^{13}+1,所得余数为:
When x13+1x^{13}+1 is divided by x−1,x-1, the remainder is:
11
−1-1
00
22
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:多项式换元法
难度评级:1520
小提示:
使用余式定理
Use the Remainder Theorem
大提示:
除以 x−1x-1 时,计算多项式在 x=1x=1 处的值
For division by x−1,x-1, evaluate the polynomial at x=1x=1
解答:
根据余式定理,除以 x−1x-1 所得的余数等于多项式在 x=1x=1 处的值,即 113+1=2。 1^{13}+1=2\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 D。
By the Remainder Theorem, the remainder upon division by x−1x-1 is the value of the polynomial at x=1.x=1. This value is 113+1=2. 1^{13}+1=2.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

一个长方体的侧面、正面和底面的面积分别为 1212 平方英寸、88 平方英寸和 66 平方英寸,则其体积为:
The volume of a rectangular solid each of whose side, front, and bottom faces are 1212 square inches, 88 square inches, and 66 square inches respectively is:
576576 立方英寸
576576 cubic inches
2424 立方英寸
2424 cubic inches
99 立方英寸
99 cubic inches
104104 立方英寸
104104 cubic inches
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1600
小提示:
设三条棱长分别为 xx、yy 和 zz
Let the three edge lengths be x,x, y,y, and zz
大提示:
三个面的面积相乘得到 (xyz)2(xyz)^2
Multiplying the three face areas gives (xyz)2(xyz)^2
解答:
若三条棱长分别为 xx、yy 和 zz,则三个面的面积分别为 xyxy、yzyz 和 xzxz。因此, (xyz)2=(xy)(yz)(xz)=12⋅8⋅6=576。 \begin{aligned} (xyz)^2&=(xy)(yz)(xz)\\ &=12\cdot8\cdot6=576 \end{aligned}\text{。}由于体积为正,所以 xyz=576=24xyz=\sqrt{576}=24 立方英寸。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the edge lengths are x,x, y,y, and z,z, then the three face areas are xy,xy, yz,yz, and xz.xz. Therefore (xyz)2=(xy)(yz)(xz)=12⋅8⋅6=576. \begin{aligned} (xyz)^2&=(xy)(yz)(xz)\\ &=12\cdot8\cdot6=576. \end{aligned} Since the volume is positive, xyz=576=24xyz=\sqrt{576}=24 cubic inches.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

先后打 10%10\% 和 20%20\% 的折扣,相当于一次打:
Successive discounts of 10%10\% and 20%20\% are equivalent to a single discount of:
30%30\%
15%15\%
72%72\%
28%28\%
以上答案均不正确
None of these
知识点:百分数
难度评级:1100
小提示:
以原价 100100 为例,依次计算两次折扣
Apply both discounts to a price of 100100
大提示:
第一次折扣后,第二次折扣以 9090 而不是 100100 为基数
After the first discount, the second discount is taken from 90,90, not from 100100
解答:
从价格 100100 开始,第一次折扣后剩下 9090。第二次折扣后剩下 0.8(90)=720.8(90)=72。因此,总共减少了 100−72=28100-72=28,即 28%28\%。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Starting from a price of 100,100, the first discount leaves 90.90. The second discount leaves 0.8(90)=72.0.8(90)=72. The total reduction is therefore 100−72=28,100-72=28, or 28%.28\%.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

某人花 $10,000\$10{,}000 买下一栋房子并出租。他把每月租金的 1212%12\dfrac12\% 留作修缮和维护,每年缴税 $325\$325,并希望获得 512%5\dfrac12\% 的投资回报率。每月租金为:
A man buys a house for $10,000\$10{,}000 and rents it. He puts 1212%12\dfrac12\% of each month’s rent aside for repairs and upkeep; pays $325\$325 a year taxes and realizes 512%5\dfrac12\% on his investment. The monthly rent is:
$64.82\$64.82
$83.33\$83.33
$72.08\$72.08
$45.83\$45.83
$177.08\$177.08
难度评级:1650
小提示:
设每月租金为 rr,则全年租金为 12r12r
Let rr be the monthly rent and express the annual rent as 12r12r
大提示:
扣除维护费和税款后,年收益必须是 $10,000\$10,000 的 5.5%5.5\%
After upkeep and taxes, the annual return must be 5.5%5.5\% of $10,000\$10,000
解答:
设每月租金为 rr 美元。全年租金为 12r12r,留出维护费后剩下其中的 1−0.125=781-0.125=\tfrac78。期望的年收益为 0.055(10,000)=5500.055(10,000)=550 美元,所以 78(12r)−325=550。 \frac78(12r)-325=550\text{。}于是 10.5r=87510.5r=875,得到 r=83.3‾r=83.\overline3,精确到美分为 $83.33\$83.33。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the monthly rent be rr dollars. The yearly rent is 12r,12r, of which 1−0.125=781-0.125=\tfrac78 remains after setting aside the upkeep money. The desired yearly return is 0.055(10,000)=5500.055(10,000)=550 dollars, so 78(12r)−325=550. \frac78(12r)-325=550. Hence 10.5r=875,10.5r=875, giving r=83.3‾,r=83.\overline3, which is $83.33\$83.33 to the nearest cent.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

方程 x+x−2=4x+\sqrt{x-2}=4 有:
The equation x+x−2=4x+\sqrt{x-2}=4 has:
22 个实根
22 real roots
11 个实根和 11 个虚根
11 real and 11 imaginary root
22 个虚根
22 imaginary roots
没有根
No roots
11 个实根
11 real root
难度评级:1470
小提示:
平方前先将根式单独置于一边
Isolate the square root before squaring
大提示:
将所得二次方程的每个根代回原方程检验
Check every root of the resulting quadratic in the original equation
解答:
将根式单独置于一边并平方,得到 x−2=4−x,x−2=(4−x)2,x2−9x+18=0。 \begin{aligned} \sqrt{x-2}&=4-x,\\ x-2&=(4-x)^2,\\ x^2-9x+18&=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}所得二次方程的根为 33 和 66。其中 33 满足原方程,但将后者代回原方程得 6+4=86+\sqrt4=8,所以 66 是增根。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Isolating and squaring gives x−2=4−x,x−2=(4−x)2,x2−9x+18=0. \begin{aligned} \sqrt{x-2}&=4-x,\\ x-2&=(4-x)^2,\\ x^2-9x+18&=0. \end{aligned} The quadratic roots are 33 and 6.6. The value 33 satisfies the original equation, but 66 gives 6+4=8,6+\sqrt4=8, so it is extraneous.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

25.

log⁡5(125)(625)25\log_5\dfrac{(125)(625)}{25} 的值等于:
The value of log⁡5(125)(625)25\log_5\dfrac{(125)(625)}{25} is equal to:
725725
66
31253125
55
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:对数指数
难度评级:1320
小提示:
将 125125、625625 和 2525 写成 55 的幂
Write 125,125, 625,625, and 2525 as powers of 55
大提示:
对数的真数可化简为 53+4−25^{3+4-2}
The logarithm’s argument simplifies to 53+4−25^{3+4-2}
解答:
由于 125=53125=5^3、625=54625=5^4 且 25=5225=5^2, log⁡5(125)(625)25=log⁡5(53+4−2)=log⁡5(55)=5。 \begin{aligned} &\log_5\frac{(125)(625)}{25}\\ &=\log_5\left(5^{3+4-2}\right)\\ &=\log_5(5^5)=5 \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 D。
Since 125=53,125=5^3, 625=54,625=5^4, and 25=52,25=5^2, log⁡5(125)(625)25=log⁡5(53+4−2)=log⁡5(55)=5. \begin{aligned} &\log_5\frac{(125)(625)}{25}\\ &=\log_5\left(5^{3+4-2}\right)\\ &=\log_5(5^5)=5. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is D.

26.

若 log⁡10m=b−log⁡10n\log_{10}m=b-\log_{10}n,则 m=m=
If log⁡10m=b−log⁡10n,\log_{10}m=b-\log_{10}n, then m=m=
bn\dfrac{b}{n}
bnbn
10bn10^bn
b−10nb-10^n
10bn\dfrac{10^b}{n}
知识点:对数代数变形
难度评级:1400
小提示:
将 log⁡10n\log_{10}n 移到等式左边
Move log⁡10n\log_{10}n to the left side
大提示:
合并两个对数,再以 1010 为底取指数
Combine the two logarithms and then exponentiate with base 1010
解答:
移项并使用对数的乘法法则,得到 log⁡10m+log⁡10n=log⁡10(mn)=b。 \begin{aligned} &\log_{10}m+\log_{10}n\\ &=\log_{10}(mn)=b \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 mn=10bmn=10^b,所以 m=10bnm=\dfrac{10^b}{n}。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Rearranging and using the product rule for logarithms gives log⁡10m+log⁡10n=log⁡10(mn)=b. \begin{aligned} &\log_{10}m+\log_{10}n\\ &=\log_{10}(mn)=b. \end{aligned} Therefore mn=10b,mn=10^b, so m=10bn.m=\dfrac{10^b}{n}.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

27.

一辆汽车以每小时 3030 英里的速度从 AA 行驶 120120 英里到 BB,再以每小时 4040 英里的速度原路返回。往返全程的平均速度最接近:
A car travels 120120 miles from AA to BB at 3030 miles per hour but returns the same distance at 4040 miles per hour. The average speed for the round trip is closest to:
每小时 3333 英里
3333 mph
每小时 3434 英里
3434 mph
每小时 3535 英里
3535 mph
每小时 3636 英里
3636 mph
每小时 3737 英里
3737 mph
难度评级:1410
小提示:
平均速度等于总路程除以总时间
Average speed is total distance divided by total time
大提示:
两段路程分别用时 12030\frac{120}{30} 小时和 12040\frac{120}{40} 小时
The two legs take 12030\frac{120}{30} and 12040\frac{120}{40} hours
解答:
总路程为 240240 英里。两段路程分别用时 44 小时和 33 小时,所以平均速度(单位为英里/小时)为 2404+3=2407≈34.29。 \frac{240}{4+3}=\frac{240}{7}\approx34.29\text{。}这最接近每小时 3434 英里。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The total distance is 240240 miles. The travel times are 44 hours and 33 hours, so the average speed, in miles per hour, is 2404+3=2407≈34.29 \frac{240}{4+3}=\frac{240}{7}\approx34.29 which is closest to 3434 mph.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

28.

两名男孩 AA 和 BB 同时从 Port Jervis 骑车前往 6060 英里外的 Poughkeepsie。AA 的速度比 BB 每小时慢 44 英里。BB 到达 Poughkeepsie 后立即掉头,在距 Poughkeepsie 1212 英里处与 AA 相遇。AA 的速度为:
Two boys AA and BB start at the same time to ride from Port Jervis to Poughkeepsie, 6060 miles away. AA travels 44 miles an hour slower than B.B. BB reaches Poughkeepsie and at once turns back meeting AA 1212 miles from Poughkeepsie. The rate of AA was:
每小时 44 英里
44 mph
每小时 88 英里
88 mph
每小时 1212 英里
1212 mph
每小时 1616 英里
1616 mph
每小时 2020 英里
2020 mph
难度评级:1640
小提示:
相遇时,AA 已行驶 4848 英里
By the meeting time, AA has traveled 4848 miles
大提示:
在相同时间内,BB 已行驶 60+12=7260+12=72 英里
In the same time, BB has traveled 60+12=7260+12=72 miles
解答:
相遇时,AA 已行驶 60−12=4860-12=48 英里,BB 已行驶 60+12=7260+12=72 英里。由于两人行驶的时间相同,速度之比为 48:72=2:348:72=2:3。若 AA 的速度为 vv,则 BB 的速度为 v+4v+4,所以 vv+4=23。 \frac{v}{v+4}=\frac23\text{。}于是 3v=2v+83v=2v+8,得到 v=8v=8,即每小时八英里。
因此,正确答案是 B。
At the meeting point, AA has traveled 60−12=4860-12=48 miles and BB has traveled 60+12=7260+12=72 miles. Since their travel times are equal, their speeds are in the ratio 48:72=2:3.48:72=2:3. If AA’s speed is v,v, then BB’s is v+4,v+4, so vv+4=23. \frac{v}{v+4}=\frac23. Thus 3v=2v+8,3v=2v+8, and v=8v=8 mph.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

29.

某制造商造了一台机器,可在 88 分钟内给 500500 个信封书写地址。他希望再造一台机器,使两台机器同时工作时能在 22 分钟内完成 500500 个信封。若第二台机器单独完成 500500 个信封需要 xx 分钟,则求该时间所用的方程为:
A manufacturer built a machine which will address 500500 envelopes in 88 minutes. He wishes to build another machine so that when both are operating together they will address 500500 envelopes in 22 minutes. The equation used to find how many minutes xx it would require the second machine to address 500500 envelopes alone is:
8−x=28-x=2
18+1x=12\dfrac18+\dfrac1x=\dfrac12
5008+500x=500\dfrac{500}{8}+\dfrac{500}{x}=500
x2+x8=1\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{x}{8}=1
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
知识点:速率分式方程
难度评级:1440
小提示:
以每分钟完成多少批 500500 个信封来表示各台机器的效率
Measure each machine’s rate in batches of 500500 envelopes per minute
大提示:
两台机器各自的效率之和等于共同工作的效率
The two individual rates must add to the combined rate
解答:
第一台机器每分钟完成一批 500500 个信封的 18\tfrac18,第二台每分钟完成一批的 1x\tfrac1x。两台一起工作时,每分钟必须完成一批的 12\tfrac12。因此,所需方程为 18+1x=12。 \frac18+\frac1x=\frac12\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 B。
The first machine completes 18\tfrac18 of a 500500-envelope batch per minute, and the second completes 1x\tfrac1x of a batch per minute. Together they must complete 12\tfrac12 of a batch per minute. Therefore the required equation is 18+1x=12. \frac18+\frac1x=\frac12.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

30.

一群男孩和女孩中先有 1515 名女孩离开,此时每名女孩对应两名男孩。随后又有 4545 名男孩离开,此时每名男孩对应 55 名女孩。最初的女孩人数为:
From a group of boys and girls, 1515 girls leave. There are then left two boys for each girl. After this 4545 boys leave. There are then 55 girls for each boy. The number of girls in the beginning was:
4040
4343
2929
5050
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1600
小提示:
设最初的女孩和男孩人数分别为 GG 和 BB
Let GG and BB be the original numbers of girls and boys
大提示:
将两个比例写成 B=2(G−15)B=2(G-15) 和 G−15=5(B−45)G-15=5(B-45)
Translate the two ratios as B=2(G−15)B=2(G-15) and G−15=5(B−45)G-15=5(B-45)
解答:
设最初有 GG 名女孩和 BB 名男孩。两个条件给出 B=2(G−15),G−15=5(B−45)。 \begin{aligned} B&=2(G-15),\\ G-15&=5(B-45) \end{aligned}\text{。}将第一个方程代入第二个方程,得到 G−15=5(2(G−15)−45)=10G−375。 \begin{aligned} G-15 &=5\bigl(2(G-15)-45\bigr)\\ &=10G-375 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 9G=3609G=360,所以 G=40G=40。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the original counts be GG girls and BB boys. The two conditions give B=2(G−15),G−15=5(B−45). \begin{aligned} B&=2(G-15),\\ G-15&=5(B-45). \end{aligned} Substituting the first into the second yields G−15=5(2(G−15)−45)=10G−375. \begin{aligned} G-15 &=5\bigl(2(G-15)-45\bigr)\\ &=10G-375. \end{aligned} Hence 9G=360,9G=360, so G=40.G=40.
Thus, the correct answer is A.

31.

约翰订购了 44 双黑袜和若干双蓝袜。每双黑袜的价格是蓝袜的两倍。配货时,两种颜色袜子的双数被调换了,导致账单金额增加 50%50\%。原订单中黑袜双数与蓝袜双数之比为:
John ordered 44 pairs of black socks and some additional pairs of blue socks. The price of the black socks per pair was twice that of the blue. When the order was filled, it was found that the number of pairs of the two colors had been interchanged. This increased the bill by 50%.50\%. The ratio of the number of pairs of black socks to the number of pairs of blue socks in the original order was:
4:14:1
2:12:1
1:41:4
1:21:2
1:81:8
难度评级:1560
小提示:
设每双蓝袜价格为 pp,原订单中蓝袜有 nn 双
Let a blue pair cost pp and let nn be the original number of blue pairs
大提示:
比较原账单 (8+n)p(8+n)p 与调换数量后的账单 (2n+4)p(2n+4)p
Compare the original bill (8+n)p(8+n)p with the interchanged bill (2n+4)p(2n+4)p
解答:
设每双蓝袜价格为 pp,则每双黑袜价格为 2p2p;再设原订单中蓝袜有 nn 双。原账单为 (8+n)p(8+n)p。调换两种袜子的双数后,账单为 (2n+4)p(2n+4)p。后者比前者多 50%50\%,所以 2n+4=32(n+8)。 2n+4=\frac32(n+8)\text{。}因此 n=16n=16,原订单中黑袜与蓝袜的双数之比为 4:16=1:44:16=1:4。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let a blue pair cost p,p, so a black pair costs 2p,2p, and let nn be the original number of blue pairs. The original bill is (8+n)p.(8+n)p. After the quantities are interchanged, the bill is (2n+4)p.(2n+4)p. The latter is 50%50\% greater, so 2n+4=32(n+8). 2n+4=\frac32(n+8). Thus n=16,n=16, and the original black-to-blue ratio is 4:16=1:4.4:16=1:4.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

32.

一架长 2525 英尺的梯子斜靠在建筑物的竖直墙面上,梯脚距墙根 77 英尺。若梯顶向下滑 44 英尺,则梯脚将滑动:
A 2525 foot ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a building. The foot of the ladder is 77 feet from the base of the building. If the top of the ladder slips 44 feet, then the foot of the ladder will slide:
99 英尺
99 ft
1515 英尺
1515 ft
55 英尺
55 ft
88 英尺
88 ft
44 英尺
44 ft
难度评级:1310
小提示:
利用直角三角形求梯顶原来在墙上的高度
Find the ladder’s original height on the wall using a right triangle
大提示:
梯顶下滑后,高度减少 44 英尺,而斜边仍为 2525
After the top slips, the new height is 44 feet less while the hypotenuse stays 2525
解答:
梯顶原来的高度(单位为英尺)为 252−72=576=24。 \sqrt{25^2-7^2}=\sqrt{576}=24\text{。}梯顶下滑后,高度为 2020 英尺,所以新的水平距离为 252−202=15\sqrt{25^2-20^2}=15 英尺。因此,梯脚滑动了 15−7=815-7=8 英尺。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The initial height, in feet, is 252−72=576=24. \sqrt{25^2-7^2}=\sqrt{576}=24. After the top slips, the height is 2020 feet, so the new horizontal distance is 252−202=15\sqrt{25^2-20^2}=15 feet. The foot therefore slides 15−7=815-7=8 feet.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

33.

内径为 11 英寸的圆管需要多少根,才能与一根内径为 66 英寸的圆管输送相同的水量?
The number of circular pipes with an inside diameter of 11 inch which will carry the same amount of water as a pipe with an inside diameter of 66 inches is:
6π6\pi
66
1212
3636
36π36\pi
难度评级:1240
小提示:
输水能力与横截面积成正比
Water-carrying capacity is proportional to cross-sectional area
大提示:
圆的面积与直径的平方成正比
Circular area scales as the square of the diameter
解答:
两种圆管的直径之比为 6:16:1,所以横截面积之比为 62:12=36:1。 6^2:1^2=36:1\text{。}因此,3636 根小圆管的横截面积之和等于大圆管的横截面积。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The ratio of the diameters is 6:1,6:1, so the ratio of cross-sectional areas is 62:12=36:1. 6^2:1^2=36:1. Thus 3636 of the smaller pipes have the same total cross-sectional area as the larger pipe.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

34.

一个玩具气球的圆周长从 2020 英寸增加到 2525 英寸时,半径增加了:
When the circumference of a toy balloon is increased from 2020 inches to 2525 inches, the radius is increased by:
55 英寸
55 in
2122\dfrac12 英寸
2122\dfrac12 in
5π\dfrac5\pi 英寸
5π\dfrac5\pi in
52π\dfrac{5}{2\pi} 英寸
52π\dfrac{5}{2\pi} in
π5\dfrac{\pi}{5} 英寸
π5\dfrac{\pi}{5} in
难度评级:1310
小提示:
对两个圆周长分别使用 C=2πrC=2\pi r
Use C=2πrC=2\pi r for each circumference
大提示:
圆周长的变化量是半径变化量的 2π2\pi 倍
The change in circumference is 2π2\pi times the change in radius
解答:
因为 C=2πrC=2\pi r,所以变化量满足 25−20=2π(rnew−rold)。 25-20=2\pi\mathopen{}\left(r_{\mathrm{new}}-r_{\mathrm{old}}\right)\mathclose{}\text{。}因此,半径增加了 52π\dfrac{5}{2\pi} 英寸。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because C=2πr,C=2\pi r, the changes satisfy 25−20=2π(rnew−rold). 25-20=2\pi\mathopen{}\left(r_{\mathrm{new}}-r_{\mathrm{old}}\right)\mathclose{}. Hence the radius increases by 52π\dfrac{5}{2\pi} inches.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

35.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AC=24AC=24 英寸,BC=10BC=10 英寸,AB=26AB=26 英寸。其内切圆半径为:
In triangle ABC,ABC, AC=24AC=24 inches, BC=10BC=10 inches, AB=26AB=26 inches. The radius of the inscribed circle is:
2626 英寸
2626 in
44 英寸
44 in
1313 英寸
1313 in
88 英寸
88 in
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1510
小提示:
这些边长组成一个直角三角形
The side lengths form a right triangle
大提示:
对于两条直角边为 a,ba,b、斜边为 cc 的直角三角形,内切圆半径为 a+b−c2\frac{a+b-c}{2}
For a right triangle with legs a,ba,b and hypotenuse c,c, the inradius is a+b−c2\frac{a+b-c}{2}
解答:
由于 102+242=26210^2+24^2=26^2,这个三角形是直角三角形。其面积为 12(10)(24)=120\tfrac12(10)(24)=120,半周长为 10+24+262=30\tfrac{10+24+26}{2}=30。利用 K=rsK=rs,内切圆半径(单位为英寸)为 r=Ks=12030=4。 r=\frac{K}{s}=\frac{120}{30}=4\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since 102+242=262,10^2+24^2=26^2, the triangle is right. Its area is 12(10)(24)=120,\tfrac12(10)(24)=120, and its semiperimeter is 10+24+262=30.\tfrac{10+24+26}{2}=30. Using K=rs,K=rs, the inradius, in inches, is r=Ks=12030=4. r=\frac{K}{s}=\frac{120}{30}=4.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

36.

一位商人以比目录价低 25%25\% 的价格购入商品。他希望设定一个标价,使商品按标价打 20%20\% 的折扣售出后,利润仍为售价的 25%25\%。标价应为目录价的百分之几?
A merchant buys goods at 25%25\% off the list price. He desires to mark the goods so that he can give a discount of 20%20\% on the marked price and still clear a profit of 25%25\% on the selling price. What per cent of the list price must he mark the goods?
125%125\%
100%100\%
120%120\%
80%80\%
75%75\%
难度评级:1560
小提示:
设目录价为 LL,标价为 MM
Take the list price to be LL and the marked price to be MM
大提示:
成本为 0.75L0.75L,售价为 0.8M0.8M,且成本是售价的 75%75\%
The cost is 0.75L,0.75L, the selling price is 0.8M,0.8M, and the cost is 75%75\% of the selling price
解答:
设目录价和标价分别为 LL 和 MM。商人的成本为 0.75L0.75L,打折后的售价为 0.8M0.8M。利润等于售价的 25%25\%,意味着成本是售价的其余 75%75\%。因此, 0.75L=0.75(0.8M)=0.6M。 0.75L=0.75(0.8M)=0.6M\text{。}所以 M=1.25LM=1.25L,即目录价的 125%125\%。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the list and marked prices be LL and M.M. The merchant’s cost is 0.75L,0.75L, while the selling price after the discount is 0.8M.0.8M. A profit equal to 25%25\% of the selling price means that the cost is the remaining 75%75\% of that price. Therefore 0.75L=0.75(0.8M)=0.6M. 0.75L=0.75(0.8M)=0.6M. Thus M=1.25L,M=1.25L, or 125%125\% of the list price.
Thus, the correct answer is A.

37.

若 y=log⁡axy=\log_a x,且 a>1a>1,下列哪个说法不正确?
If y=log⁡ax,y=\log_a x, a>1,a>1, which of the following statements is incorrect?
若 x=1x=1,则 y=0y=0
If x=1,x=1, y=0y=0
若 x=ax=a,则 y=1y=1
If x=a,x=a, y=1y=1
若 x=−1x=-1,则 yy 为虚数(复数)
If x=−1,x=-1, yy is imaginary (complex)
若 0<x<10\lt x\lt1,则 yy 始终小于 00,并且当 xx 趋近于零时无限减小
If 0<x<1,0\lt x\lt1, yy is always less than 00 and decreases without limit as xx approaches zero
以上说法只有一部分正确
Only some of the above statements are correct
知识点:对数函数复数
难度评级:1530
小提示:
直接根据对数的定义检验选项 A 和 B
Check choices A and B directly from the definition of a logarithm
大提示:
当 a>1a>1 时,实对数函数递增,并在 xx 从右侧趋近于 00 时趋于 −∞-\infty
For a>1,a>1, the real logarithm is increasing and tends to −∞-\infty as xx approaches 00 from the right
解答:
我们有 log⁡a1=0\log_a1=0 和 log⁡aa=1\log_aa=1。实对数在 −1-1 处没有定义,但其复数值不是实数。当 a>1a>1 时,在 0<x<10<x<1 上有 log⁡ax<0\log_a x<0,并且当 xx 从右侧趋近于 00 时,它趋于 −∞-\infty。因此,A 至 D 都正确,“只有一部分正确”才是不正确的说法。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have log⁡a1=0\log_a1=0 and log⁡aa=1.\log_aa=1. A real logarithm is not defined at −1,-1, though its complex values are nonreal. For a>1,a>1, log⁡ax<0\log_a x<0 on 0<x<1,0<x<1, and it tends to −∞-\infty as xx approaches 00 from the right. Thus statements A through D are all correct, making the claim that only some are correct the incorrect statement.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

38.

若对于 aa、bb、cc 和 dd 的任意取值,式子 ∣acdb∣ \begin{vmatrix}a&c\\d&b\end{vmatrix} 的值均为 ab−cdab-cd,则方程 ∣2x1xx∣=3 \begin{vmatrix}2x&1\\x&x\end{vmatrix}=3
If the expression ∣acdb∣ \begin{vmatrix}a&c\\d&b\end{vmatrix} has the value ab−cdab-cd for all values of a,a, b,b, c,c, and d,d, then the equation ∣2x1xx∣=3 \begin{vmatrix}2x&1\\x&x\end{vmatrix}=3
仅有 11 个 xx 值满足
Is satisfied for only 11 value of xx
有 22 个 xx 值满足
Is satisfied for 22 values of xx
没有 xx 值满足
Is satisfied for no values of xx
有无穷多个 xx 值满足
Is satisfied for an infinite number of values of xx
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1600
小提示:
使用给定规则,将行列式化为二次方程
Apply the given rule to turn the determinant into a quadratic equation
大提示:
所得方程为 2x2−x=32x^2-x=3
The equation is 2x2−x=32x^2-x=3
解答:
根据给定规则,方程化为 (2x)(x)−(1)(x)=3, (2x)(x)-(1)(x)=3\text{,}即 2x2−x−3=02x^2-x-3=0。因式分解得到 (2x−3)(x+1)=0(2x-3)(x+1)=0,其两个不同的解为 x=32x=\tfrac32 和 x=−1x=-1。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The given rule turns the equation into (2x)(x)−(1)(x)=3, (2x)(x)-(1)(x)=3, or 2x2−x−3=0.2x^2-x-3=0. Factoring gives (2x−3)(x+1)=0,(2x-3)(x+1)=0, whose two distinct solutions are x=32x=\tfrac32 and x=−1.x=-1.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

39.

已知级数 2+1+12+14+⋯2+1+\dfrac12+\dfrac14+\cdots 以及下列五个说法:
(1)(1) 和无限增大。
(2)(2) 和无限减小。
(3)(3) 数列任意一项与零之差都可以小于任意给定的正数,无论该正数多么小。
(4)(4) 和与 44 之差可以小于任意给定的正数,无论该正数多么小。
(5)(5) 和趋近于一个极限。
其中正确的说法是:
Given the series 2+1+12+14+⋯2+1+\dfrac12+\dfrac14+\cdots and the following five statements:
(1)(1) the sum increases without limit.
(2)(2) the sum decreases without limit.
(3)(3) the difference between any term of the sequence and zero can be made less than any positive quantity no matter how small.
(4)(4) the difference between the sum and 44 can be made less than any positive quantity no matter how small.
(5)(5) the sum approaches a limit.
Of these statements, the correct ones are:
只有 33 和 44
Only 33 and 44
只有 55
Only 55
只有 22 和 44
Only 22 and 44
只有 22、33 和 44
Only 2,2, 3,3, and 44
只有 44 和 55
Only 44 and 55
难度评级:1670
小提示:
区分数列的项与级数的部分和
Distinguish the terms of the sequence from its partial sums
大提示:
首项为 22、公比为 12\frac{1}{2} 的等比级数,其部分和趋近于 44
A geometric series with first term 22 and ratio 12\frac{1}{2} has partial sums approaching 44
解答:
部分和递增并趋近于 21−12=4, \frac{2}{1-\frac12}=4\text{,}所以它们既不无限增大,也不无限减小。因此,说法 11 和 22 错误,而说法 44 和 55 正确。
在说法 33 中,“任意一项”指已经选定的一项,它与零的距离固定,不能再变小;正确的说法应是可以选取足够靠后的项,使其小于任意给定的正数。因此,按原文措辞,说法 33 错误。
因此,只有说法 44 和 55 正确,所以正确答案是 E。
The partial sums increase toward 21−12=4, \frac{2}{1-\frac12}=4, so they neither increase nor decrease without limit. This makes statements 11 and 22 false, while statements 44 and 55 are true.
In statement 3,3, “any term” refers to an already selected term, whose distance from zero is fixed and cannot be made smaller; one can instead choose a sufficiently late term below any prescribed positive bound. Thus statement 33, as worded, is false.
Therefore only statements 44 and 55 are correct, so the correct answer is E.

40.

当 xx 趋近于 11 时,x2−1x−1\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-1} 的极限为:
The limit of x2−1x−1\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-1} as xx approaches 11 as a limit is:
00
不定
Indeterminate
x−1x-1
22
11
知识点:微积分平方差
难度评级:1470
小提示:
将分子按平方差因式分解
Factor the numerator as a difference of squares
大提示:
当 x≠1x\ne1 时,约去公因式 x−1x-1
For x≠1,x\ne1, cancel the common factor x−1x-1
解答:
当 x≠1x\ne1 时, x2−1x−1=(x−1)(x+1)x−1=x+1。 \begin{aligned} \frac{x^2-1}{x-1} &=\frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x-1}\\ &=x+1 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此,当 xx 趋近于 11 时,极限为 1+1=21+1=2。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For x≠1,x\ne1, x2−1x−1=(x−1)(x+1)x−1=x+1. \begin{aligned} \frac{x^2-1}{x-1} &=\frac{(x-1)(x+1)}{x-1}\\ &=x+1. \end{aligned} Therefore the limit as xx approaches 11 is 1+1=2.1+1=2.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

41.

当 a>0a>0 时,函数 ax2+bx+cax^2+bx+c 的最小值为:
The least value of the function ax2+bx+cax^2+bx+c with a>0a>0 is:
−ba-\dfrac ba
−b2a-\dfrac{b}{2a}
b2−4acb^2-4ac
4ac−b24a\dfrac{4ac-b^2}{4a}
以上答案均不正确
None of these
难度评级:1580
小提示:
对 ax2+bx+cax^2+bx+c 配方
Complete the square in ax2+bx+cax^2+bx+c
大提示:
由于 a>0a>0,平方项等于零时取最小值
Since a>0,a>0, the squared term is minimized when it equals zero
解答:
配方得到 ax2+bx+c=a(x+b2a)2+c−b24a。 \begin{aligned} ax^2+bx+c &=a\left(x+\frac{b}{2a}\right)^2\\ &\quad+c-\frac{b^2}{4a} \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 a>0a>0,平方项的最小值为 00。因此,函数的最小值为 c−b24a=4ac−b24a。 c-\frac{b^2}{4a}=\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 D。
Completing the square gives ax2+bx+c=a(x+b2a)2+c−b24a. \begin{aligned} ax^2+bx+c &=a\left(x+\frac{b}{2a}\right)^2\\ &\quad+c-\frac{b^2}{4a}. \end{aligned} Because a>0,a>0, the squared term has minimum 0.0. The least value is therefore c−b24a=4ac−b24a. c-\frac{b^2}{4a}=\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

42.

当 xx 等于下列哪个值时,方程 xxx⋅⋅⋅=2x^{x^{x^{\cdot^{\cdot^{\cdot}}}}}=2 成立?
The equation xxx⋅⋅⋅=2x^{x^{x^{\cdot^{\cdot^{\cdot}}}}}=2 is satisfied when xx is equal to:
无穷大
Infinity
22
24\sqrt[4]{2}
2\sqrt2
以上答案均不正确
None of these
知识点:指数递推
难度评级:1830
小提示:
最底层 xx 上方的指数仍是整个无限幂塔
The exponent above the first xx is the entire infinite tower again
大提示:
用已知值 22 代替重复出现的幂塔
Replace that repeated tower by its given value 22
解答:
设无限幂塔的值为 TT。去掉最底层的 xx 后,指数部分仍是同一个幂塔,所以 T=xTT=x^T。由于 T=2T=2,得到 2=x2。 2=x^2\text{。}因此,正底数为 x=2x=\sqrt2,此时幂塔收敛。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the value of the infinite tower be T.T. Removing its bottom xx leaves the same tower as the exponent, so T=xT.T=x^T. Since T=2,T=2, we obtain 2=x2. 2=x^2. The positive base is therefore x=2,x=\sqrt2, for which the tower is convergent.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

43.

无穷级数 17+272+173+274+⋯\dfrac17+\dfrac{2}{7^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^3}+\dfrac{2}{7^4}+\cdots 的和为:
The sum to infinity of 17+272+173+274+⋯\dfrac17+\dfrac{2}{7^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^3}+\dfrac{2}{7^4}+\cdots is:
15\dfrac15
124\dfrac1{24}
548\dfrac5{48}
116\dfrac1{16}
以上答案均不正确
None of these
知识点:等比数列求和
难度评级:1670
小提示:
将级数中相邻的两项分为一组
Group the series into consecutive pairs of terms
大提示:
每一组都是前一组的 149\frac{1}{49}
Each pair is 149\frac{1}{49} times the preceding pair
解答:
将相邻两项分组后,得到一个等比级数,其首项为 17+249=949, \frac17+\frac2{49}=\frac9{49}\text{,}公比为 149\tfrac1{49}。因此,级数之和为 9491−149=948=316。 \frac{\frac9{49}}{1-\frac1{49}} =\frac9{48} =\frac3{16}\text{。}这个值不在选项 A 至 D 中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Grouping consecutive terms gives a geometric series whose first grouped term is 17+249=949 \frac17+\frac2{49}=\frac9{49} and whose ratio is 149.\tfrac1{49}. Hence the sum is 9491−149=948=316. \frac{\frac9{49}}{1-\frac1{49}} =\frac9{48} =\frac3{16}. This is not among choices A through D.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

44.

函数 y=log⁡xy=\log x 的图像
The graph of y=log⁡xy=\log x
与 yy 轴相交
Cuts the yy-axis
与所有垂直于 xx 轴的直线相交
Cuts all lines perpendicular to the xx-axis
与 xx 轴相交
Cuts the xx-axis
与两个坐标轴都不相交
Cuts neither axis
与所有以原点为圆心的圆相交
Cuts all circles whose center is at the origin
难度评级:1340
小提示:
求出 log⁡x=0\log x=0 时的自变量值
Find where log⁡x=0\log x=0
大提示:
对数仅在 x>0x>0 时有定义
The logarithm is defined only for x>0x>0
解答:
由于 log⁡1=0\log1=0,图像经过 (1,0)(1,0),因此与 xx 轴相交。又因为 x=0x=0 不在定义域内,所以图像不可能与 yy 轴相交。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Since log⁡1=0,\log1=0, the graph passes through (1,0)(1,0) and therefore cuts the xx-axis. It cannot cut the yy-axis because x=0x=0 is outside its domain.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

45.

一个 100100 边形可以画出的对角线条数为:
The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a polygon of 100100 sides is:
48504850
49504950
99009900
9898
88008800
知识点:对角线组合
难度评级:1410
小提示:
每一对顶点确定一条线段
Every pair of vertices determines a segment
大提示:
从 (1002)\binom{100}{2} 对顶点中减去 100100 条边
Subtract the 100100 sides from the (1002)\binom{100}{2} vertex pairs
解答:
连接各对顶点共有 (1002)\binom{100}{2} 条线段,其中恰有 100100 条是多边形的边,所以对角线条数为 (1002)−100=4950−100=4850。 \begin{aligned} \binom{100}{2}-100 &=4950-100\\ &=4850 \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 A。
There are (1002)\binom{100}{2} segments joining pairs of vertices. Exactly 100100 of these are sides, so the number of diagonals is (1002)−100=4950−100=4850. \begin{aligned} \binom{100}{2}-100 &=4950-100\\ &=4850. \end{aligned}
Thus, the correct answer is A.

46.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=12AB=12、AC=7AC=7、BC=10BC=10。若将边 ABAB 和 ACAC 加倍,而 BCBC 保持不变,则:
In triangle ABC,ABC, AB=12,AB=12, AC=7,AC=7, and BC=10.BC=10. If sides ABAB and ACAC are doubled while BCBC remains the same, then:
面积加倍
The area is doubled
高加倍
The altitude is doubled
面积变为原来的四倍
The area is four times the original area
中线不变
The median is unchanged
三角形的面积为 00
The area of the triangle is 00
难度评级:1450
小提示:
写出三条新边的长度
Write down the three new side lengths
大提示:
将最长的新边与另两边之和比较
Compare the largest new side with the sum of the other two
解答:
三条新边的长度为 2424、1414 和 1010。由于 14+10=24, 14+10=24\text{,}它们构成退化三角形,三个顶点共线。因此,其面积为 00。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The new side lengths are 24,24, 14,14, and 10.10. Because 14+10=24, 14+10=24, they form a degenerate triangle: all three vertices are collinear. Its area is therefore 0.0.
Thus, the correct answer is E.

47.

一个内接于三角形的矩形,其底边与三角形长为 bb 的底边重合。若三角形的高为 hh,矩形的高 xx 是矩形底边的一半,则:
A rectangle inscribed in a triangle has its base coinciding with the base bb of the triangle. If the altitude of the triangle is h,h, and the altitude xx of the rectangle is half the base of the rectangle, then:
x=12hx=\dfrac12h
x=bhb+hx=\dfrac{bh}{b+h}
x=bh2h+bx=\dfrac{bh}{2h+b}
x=hb2x=\sqrt{\dfrac{hb}{2}}
x=12bx=\dfrac12b
知识点:相似矩形高线
难度评级:1800
小提示:
三角形内距底边高度为 xx 的横截线长度为 b(1−xh)b(1-\frac{x}{h})
The segment across the triangle at height xx has length b(1−xh)b(1-\frac{x}{h})
大提示:
矩形的底边长为 2x2x
The rectangle’s base is 2x2x
解答:
由相似三角形可知,在距底边高度 xx 处,三角形的宽度为 b(1−xh)b(1-\tfrac{x}{h}),这就是内接矩形的底边。由于矩形的高是底边的一半,其底边长为 2x2x。因此, 2x=b(1−xh)。 2x=b\left(1-\frac{x}{h}\right)\text{。}两边乘以 hh 并求解,得到 x(2h+b)=bhx(2h+b)=bh,所以 x=bh2h+bx=\dfrac{bh}{2h+b}。
因此,正确答案是 C。
By similarity, the width of the triangle at height xx above its base is b(1−xh).b(1-\tfrac{x}{h}). This is the base of the inscribed rectangle. Since the rectangle’s altitude is half its base, its base is 2x.2x. Hence 2x=b(1−xh). 2x=b\left(1-\frac{x}{h}\right). Multiplying by hh and solving gives x(2h+b)=bh,x(2h+b)=bh, so x=bh2h+b.x=\dfrac{bh}{2h+b}.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

48.

在一个等边三角形内部任取一点,从该点分别向三边作垂线。这三条垂线段的长度之和:
A point is selected at random inside an equilateral triangle. From this point perpendiculars are dropped to each side. The sum of these perpendiculars is:
当该点为三角形重心时最小
Least when the point is the center of gravity of the triangle
大于三角形的高
Greater than the altitude of the triangle
等于三角形的高
Equal to the altitude of the triangle
等于三角形周长的一半
One-half the sum of the sides of the triangle
当该点为三角形重心时最大
Greatest when the point is the center of gravity
难度评级:1920
小提示:
将内部点与三个顶点分别连接
Join the interior point to all three vertices
大提示:
以相同的边长为底,将三个小三角形的面积相加
Add the areas of the three smaller triangles using the common side length as their bases
解答:
设等边三角形的边长为 ss,高为 hh,三个垂直距离为 d1,d2,d3d_1,d_2,d_3。用内部点将大三角形分成三个小三角形,得到 12s(d1+d2+d3)=12sh。 \frac12s(d_1+d_2+d_3)=\frac12sh\text{。}因此 d1+d2+d3=hd_1+d_2+d_3=h,与所选点的位置无关。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the equilateral triangle have side length ss and altitude h,h, and let the three perpendicular distances be d1,d2,d3.d_1,d_2,d_3. Splitting the triangle at the interior point gives 12s(d1+d2+d3)=12sh. \frac12s(d_1+d_2+d_3)=\frac12sh. Therefore d1+d2+d3=h,d_1+d_2+d_3=h, independent of the selected point.
Thus, the correct answer is C.

49.

一个三角形有一条固定底边 ABAB,长为 22 英寸。从 AA 到边 BCBC 的中线长为 1121\dfrac12 英寸,并可从 AA 向任意方向引出。顶点 CC 的轨迹为:
A triangle has a fixed base ABAB that is 22 inches long. The median from AA to side BCBC is 1121\dfrac12 inches long and can have any position emanating from A.A. The locus of the vertex CC of the triangle is:
一条直线 ABAB,距 AA 为 1121\dfrac12 英寸
A straight line AB,AB, 1121\dfrac12 inches from AA
以 AA 为圆心、半径为 22 英寸的圆
A circle with AA as center and radius 22 inches
以 AA 为圆心、半径为 33 英寸的圆
A circle with AA as center and radius 33 inches
半径为 33 英寸,圆心位于射线 BABA 上且距 BB 为 44 英寸的圆
A circle with radius 33 inches and center 44 inches from BB along BABA
以 AA 为焦点的椭圆
An ellipse with AA as focus
难度评级:2170
小提示:
设 MM 为 BCBC 的中点,则 MM 在以 AA 为圆心的圆上运动
Let MM be the midpoint of BCBC; then MM moves on a circle centered at AA
大提示:
以 AA 为原点时,中点关系的向量形式为 C⃗=2M⃗−B⃗\vec C=2\vec M-\vec B
In vector form, the midpoint relation gives C⃗=2M⃗−B⃗\vec C=2\vec M-\vec B when AA is the origin
解答:
将 AA 置于原点,并把 BB、CC 以及 BCBC 的中点 MM 看作向量。由于 AM=32AM=\tfrac32,点 MM 在以 AA 为圆心、半径为 32\tfrac32 的圆上运动。中点关系给出 C=2M−B。 C=2M-B\text{。}因此,CC 的轨迹是先将该圆放大 22 倍,再平移 −B-B 所得的图形,即以 −B-B 为圆心、半径为 33 的圆。
因为 AB=2AB=2,点 −B-B 位于射线 BABA 上,且距 BB 为 44 英寸。因此,正确答案是 D。
Put AA at the origin and regard B,B, C,C, and the midpoint MM of BCBC as vectors. Since AM=32,AM=\tfrac32, the point MM moves on a circle of radius 32\tfrac32 centered at A.A. The midpoint relation gives C=2M−B. C=2M-B. Thus the locus of CC is the image of that circle under a dilation by 22 followed by translation by −B.-B. It is a circle of radius 33 centered at −B.-B.
Because AB=2,AB=2, the point −B-B is 44 inches from BB along the ray BA.BA. Hence the correct answer is D.

50.

上午 11:4511{:}45,一艘私掠船发现一艘商船位于下风方向 1010 英里处。私掠船借着顺风以每小时 1111 英里的速度追赶,而商船逃跑时只能达到每小时 88 英里。追逐两小时后,私掠船的上桅帆被风刮走;此后私掠船每航行 1717 英里时,商船航行 1515 英里。私掠船将在何时追上商船?
A privateer discovers a merchantman 1010 miles to leeward at 11:4511{:}45 a.m. and with a good breeze bears down upon her at 1111 mph, while the merchantman can only make 88 mph in her attempt to escape. After a two hour chase, the top sail of the privateer is carried away: she can now make only 1717 miles while the merchantman makes 15.15. The privateer will overtake the merchantman at:
下午 3:453{:}45
3:453{:}45 p.m.
下午 3:303{:}30
3:303{:}30 p.m.
下午 5:005{:}00
5:005{:}00 p.m.
下午 2:452{:}45
2:452{:}45 p.m.
下午 5:305{:}30
5:305{:}30 p.m.
难度评级:1900
小提示:
求最初两小时后两船之间剩余的距离
Find the remaining gap after the first two hours
大提示:
上桅帆被刮走后,两船速度之比为 17:1517:15,而商船仍以每小时 88 英里航行
After the sail is lost, the speed ratio is 17:1517:15 while the merchantman still travels at 88 mph
解答:
最初两小时内,私掠船追近的英里数为 2(11−8)=6, 2(11-8)=6\text{,}所以下午 1:451{:}45 时,两船距离从 1010 英里缩短为 44 英里。
上桅帆被刮走后,两船速度之比为 17:1517:15。由于商船仍以每小时 88 英里航行,私掠船的新速度为每小时 8⋅1715=136158\cdot\tfrac{17}{15}=\tfrac{136}{15} 英里。两船接近的相对速度为每小时 13615−8=1615\tfrac{136}{15}-8=\tfrac{16}{15} 英里,所以追完剩余距离所需的小时数为 41615=154=334。 \frac{4}{\frac{16}{15}}=\frac{15}{4}=3\frac34\text{。}在下午 1:451{:}45 后再过 33 小时 4545 分钟,即为下午 5:305{:}30。
因此,正确答案是 E。
During the first two hours, the number of miles the privateer gains is 2(11−8)=6, 2(11-8)=6, reducing the gap from 1010 miles to 44 miles at 1:451{:}45 p.m.
After the damage, the ships’ speeds are in the ratio 17:15.17:15. Since the merchantman still travels at 88 mph, the privateer’s new speed is 8⋅1715=136158\cdot\tfrac{17}{15}=\tfrac{136}{15} mph. The closing speed is therefore 13615−8=1615\tfrac{136}{15}-8=\tfrac{16}{15} mph, so the number of hours needed to close the remaining gap is 41615=154=334. \frac{4}{\frac{16}{15}}=\frac{15}{4}=3\frac34. Adding 33 hours 4545 minutes to 1:451{:}45 p.m. gives 5:305{:}30 p.m.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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