1991 AMC 12 Problem 20

Attempt Problem 20 of the 1991 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1991 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

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20.

The sum of all real xx such that (2x−4)3+(4x−2)3=(4x+2x−6)3 \begin{aligned} &(2^x-4)^3+(4^x-2)^3\\ &\qquad=(4^x+2^x-6)^3 \end{aligned} is
32\frac32
22
52\frac52
33
72\frac72
Answer: E
Concepts:sum of cubesexponential equationfactoring
Small hint:
Set a=2x−4a=2^x-4 and b=4x−2b=4^x-2
Big hint:
Factor a3+b3−(a+b)3a^3+b^3-(a+b)^3 as −3ab(a+b)-3ab(a+b)
Solution:
Let a=2x−4a=2^x-4 and b=4x−2.b=4^x-2. The right side is (a+b)3,(a+b)^3, so a3+b3=(a+b)3 a^3+b^3=(a+b)^3 is equivalent to ab(a+b)=0.ab(a+b)=0. The cases give 2x=4,2^x=4, 4x=2,4^x=2, or 4x+2x=6,4^x+2^x=6, whose real solutions are x=2,12,x=2,\frac12, and 1,1, respectively. Their sum is 2+12+1=72.2+\frac12+1=\frac72.
Thus the correct answer is E.
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