1997 AMC 12 Problem 29

Attempt Problem 29 of the 1997 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1997 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

29.

Call a positive real number special if it has a decimal representation that consists entirely of digits 00 and 7.7. For example, 70099=7.07=7.070707…\frac{700}{99}=7.07=7.070707\ldots and 77.00777.007 are special numbers. What is the smallest nn such that 11 can be written as a sum of nn special numbers?
77
88
99
1010
11 cannot be represented as a sum of finitely many special numbers
Answer: B
Concepts:decimal expansionsplace valueconstruction
Small hint:
If aka_k summands have 77 in decimal place kk, divide the sum by 77
Big hint:
Compare the resulting digit counts with the repeating decimal for 17\frac{1}{7}, then seek a six-digit repeating construction
Solution:
Suppose 11 is a sum of nn special numbers, and let aka_k count summands having a 77 in the kkth decimal place. Dividing by 77 gives 17=a110+a2102+⋯=0.142857‾. \begin{aligned} \frac17&=\frac{a_1}{10}+\frac{a_2}{10^2}+\cdots\\ &=0.\overline{142857}. \end{aligned} For n≤9,n\le9, each aka_k is a digit, so a1,a2,…=1,4,2,8,5,7,…;a_1,a_2,\ldots=1,4,2,8,5,7,\ldots; hence n≥8.n\ge8. Eight suffice because the repeating special decimals represented by 700700+2(070707)+2(077777)+3(000777)=999999. \begin{aligned} 700700+2(070707)\\ {}+2(077777)\\ {}+3(000777)&=999999. \end{aligned} Their sum is 1.1. Therefore the minimum is 8,8, and B is correct.
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