1963 AMC 12 第 26 题

先试着解答 1963 AMC 12 第 26 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1963 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

26.

形式 I。考虑以下命题:
(1)p∧¬q∧r,(2)¬p∧¬q∧r,(3)p∧¬q∧¬r,(4)¬p∧q∧r, \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (2)\quad&\neg p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (3)\quad&p\land\neg q\land\neg r,\\ (4)\quad&\neg p\land q\land r \end{aligned}\text{,}
其中 pp、qq、rr 是命题。以上有多少个能推出 (p→q)→r(p\to q)\to r 为真?
形式 II。考虑以下命题:(1)(1) pp 和 rr 为真且 qq 为假;(2)(2) rr 为真且 pp 和 qq 为假;(3)(3) pp 为真且 qq 和 rr 为假;(4)(4) qq 和 rr 为真且 pp 为假。以上有多少个能推出命题“rr 可由‘pp 蕴含 qq’推出”为真?
Form I. Consider the statements
(1)p∧¬q∧r,(2)¬p∧¬q∧r,(3)p∧¬q∧¬r,(4)¬p∧q∧r, \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (2)\quad&\neg p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (3)\quad&p\land\neg q\land\neg r,\\ (4)\quad&\neg p\land q\land r, \end{aligned}
where p,p, q,q, rr are propositions. How many of these imply the truth of (p→q)→r?(p\to q)\to r?
Form II. Consider the statements (1)(1) pp and rr are true and qq is false, (2)(2) rr is true and pp and qq are false, (3)(3) pp is true and qq and rr are false, (4)(4) qq and rr are true and pp is false. How many of these imply the truth of the statement “rr is implied by the statement that pp implies qq”?
00
11
22
33
44
答案:E
知识点:逻辑推理
小提示:
只有当前件为真而后件为假时,蕴含命题才为假
An implication is false only when its antecedent is true and its consequent is false
大提示:
在四种真值指派中先分别计算 p→qp\to q
Evaluate p→qp\to q first in each of the four assignments
解答:
在情形 (1)(1) 和 (3)(3) 中,p→qp\to q 为假,所以外层蕴含为真。在情形 (2)(2) 和 (4)(4) 中,p→qp\to q 为真,而 rr 也为真,所以外层蕴含仍为真。因此四个命题都能推出它。
所以正确答案是 E。
In cases (1)(1) and (3),(3), p→qp\to q is false, so the outer implication is true. In cases (2)(2) and (4),(4), p→qp\to q is true, but rr is also true, so the outer implication is again true. All four statements imply it.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
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