1993 AMC 12 第 29 题

先试着解答 1993 AMC 12 第 29 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1993 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

29.

下列哪个集合不可能是一个长方体各表面对角线的长度集合?(表面对角线是长方体某个矩形面的对角线。)
Which of the following sets could NOT be the lengths of the external diagonals of a right rectangular prism [a “box”]? (An external diagonal is a diagonal of one of the rectangular faces of the box.)
{4,5,6}\{4,5,6\}
{4,5,7}\{4,5,7\}
{4,6,7}\{4,6,7\}
{5,6,7}\{5,6,7\}
{5,7,8}\{5,7,8\}
答案:B
知识点:长方体face diagonalsPythagorean inequalities
小提示:
若表面对角线满足 p≤q≤rp\le q\le r,用 p2,q2,r2p^2,q^2,r^2 表示棱长的平方。
If p≤q≤rp\le q\le r are the face diagonals, express the edge squares in terms of p2,q2,r2p^2,q^2,r^2
大提示:
各棱长平方为正的充要条件是 r2<p2+q2r^2\lt p^2+q^2。
A necessary and sufficient positivity condition is r2<p2+q2r^2\lt p^2+q^2
解答:
若棱长为 aa、bb、cc,则三条表面对角线长度的平方为 a2+b2a^2+b^2、a2+c2a^2+c^2、b2+c2b^2+c^2。对按大小排列的对角线 p≤q≤rp\le q\le r,有 a2=p2+q2−r22, a^2=\frac{p^2+q^2-r^2}{2}\text{,}因此必须满足 r2<p2+q2r^2\lt p^2+q^2;类似公式也说明这个条件充分。只有 {4,5,7}\{4,5,7\} 不满足,因为 72=49>16+25=417^2=49\gt16+25=41。所以正确答案是 B。
If the edge lengths are a,a, b,b, c,c, then the three face-diagonal squares are a2+b2,a^2+b^2, a2+c2,a^2+c^2, b2+c2.b^2+c^2. For sorted diagonals p≤q≤r,p\le q\le r, a2=p2+q2−r22, a^2=\frac{p^2+q^2-r^2}{2}, so necessarily r2<p2+q2;r^2\lt p^2+q^2; the analogous formulas show this is also sufficient. Only {4,5,7}\{4,5,7\} fails, since 72=49>16+25=41.7^2=49\gt16+25=41. Thus the correct answer is B.
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