1979 AMC 12 第 15 题

先试着解答 1979 AMC 12 第 15 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1979 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

两个完全相同的罐子里装有酒精溶液,其中一个罐子中酒精与水的体积比为 p:1p:1,另一个罐子中为 q:1q:1。把两罐中的全部溶液混合后,混合液中酒精与水的体积比为
Two identical jars are filled with alcohol solutions, the ratio of the volume of alcohol to the volume of water being p:1p:1 in one jar and q:1q:1 in the other jar. If the entire contents of the two jars are mixed together, the ratio of the volume of alcohol to the volume of water in the mixture is
p+q2\frac{p+q}{2}
p2+q2p+q\frac{p^2+q^2}{p+q}
2pqp+q\frac{2pq}{p+q}
2(p2+pq+q2)3(p+q)\frac{2(p^2+pq+q^2)}{3(p+q)}
p+q+2pqp+q+2\frac{p+q+2pq}{p+q+2}
答案:E
知识点:混合问题比与比例分数
小提示:
给两个罐子设定相同的总体积,再把每个比值换算成酒精和水各占的比例
Assign the same total volume to each jar and convert each ratio to alcohol and water fractions
大提示:
分别把两罐中的酒精量和水量相加,再求它们的比
Add the two alcohol amounts and the two water amounts before forming their ratio
解答:
两罐总体积相等时,酒精所占比例分别为 pp+1\frac{p}{p+1} 和 qq+1\frac{q}{q+1},水所占比例分别为 1p+1\frac{1}{p+1} 和 1q+1\frac{1}{q+1}。因而酒精与水的体积比为 pp+1+qq+11p+1+1q+1=p+q+2pqp+q+2。 \frac{\frac p{p+1}+\frac q{q+1}} {\frac1{p+1}+\frac1{q+1}} =\frac{p+q+2pq}{p+q+2}\text{。}
因此,正确答案是 E。
For equal total volumes, the alcohol fractions are pp+1\frac{p}{p+1} and qq+1,\frac{q}{q+1}, while the water fractions are 1p+1\frac{1}{p+1} and 1q+1.\frac{1}{q+1}. Their ratio is pp+1+qq+11p+1+1q+1=p+q+2pqp+q+2. \frac{\frac p{p+1}+\frac q{q+1}} {\frac1{p+1}+\frac1{q+1}} =\frac{p+q+2pq}{p+q+2}.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
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