1986 AMC 12 第 15 题

先试着解答 1986 AMC 12 第 15 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1986 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

一名学生试图计算平均数 AA,即 xx、yy、zz 的平均数。他先求 xx 与 yy 的平均数,再求所得结果与 zz 的平均数。只要 x<y<zx\lt y\lt z,该学生最后得到的结果就
A student attempted to compute the average, A,A, of x,x, yy and zz by computing the average of xx and y,y, and then computing the average of the result and z.z. Whenever x<y<z,x\lt y\lt z, the student’s final result is
正确
correct
总是小于 AA
always less than AA
总是大于 AA
always greater than AA
有时小于 AA,有时等于 AA
sometimes less than AA and sometimes equal to AA
有时大于 AA,有时等于 AA
sometimes greater than AA and sometimes equal to AA
答案:C
知识点:average不等式algebraic comparison
小提示:
分别写出正确的平均数和该学生所得结果的代数式
Write both the true average and the student’s result as algebraic expressions
大提示:
用该学生的结果减去正确的平均数,并利用 x<y<zx\lt y\lt z 判断差的正负
Subtract the true average and use the order x<y<zx\lt y\lt z to determine the sign
解答:
该学生得到的结果为 x+y+2z4\frac{x+y+2z}{4},正确的平均数为 x+y+z3\frac{x+y+z}{3}。两者之差为 x+y+2z4−x+y+z3=2z−x−y12。 \begin{aligned} &\frac{x+y+2z}{4}-\frac{x+y+z}{3}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2z-x-y}{12}\text{。} \end{aligned} 由于 z>xz\gt x,且 z>yz\gt y,分子为正。因此,该学生的结果总是大于 AA。
所以正确答案是 C。
The student’s result is x+y+2z4,\frac{x+y+2z}{4}, while the true average is x+y+z3.\frac{x+y+z}{3}. Their difference is x+y+2z4−x+y+z3=2z−x−y12. \begin{aligned} &\frac{x+y+2z}{4}-\frac{x+y+z}{3}\\ &\qquad=\frac{2z-x-y}{12}. \end{aligned} Since z>xz\gt x and z>y,z\gt y, the numerator is positive. The student’s result is therefore always greater than A.A.
Thus the correct answer is C.
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