1997 AMC 12 第 18 题

先试着解答 1997 AMC 12 第 18 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1997 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

一列整数的众数为 3232,平均数为 2222,其中最小的数为 1010。中位数 mm 是这列数中的一员。若将 mm 替换为 m+10m+10,新数列的平均数和中位数分别为 2424 和 m+10m+10。若改为将 mm 替换为 m−8m-8,新数列的中位数为 m−4m-4。求 mm。
A list of integers has mode 3232 and mean 22.22. The smallest number in the list is 10.10. The median mm of the list is a member of the list. If the list member mm were replaced by m+10,m+10, the mean and median of the new list would be 2424 and m+10,m+10, respectively. If mm were instead replaced by m−8,m-8, the median of the new list would be m−4.m-4. What is m?m?
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答案:E
知识点:平均数median众数
小提示:
总和增加 1010 会使平均数增加 22,由此确定数列的项数
A total increase of 1010 raises the mean by 22, determining the list length
大提示:
将五个数按大小排列,再利用题目给出的两次中位数变化确定 mm 两旁的数
Order the five entries and use the two stated median changes to identify the entries beside mm
解答:
这列数共有 102=5\frac{10}{2}=5 项。将它们写成 10≤a≤m≤b≤c10\le a\le m\le b\le c。把 mm 替换为 m+10m+10 后,这个新值成为中位数,所以 b≥m+10b\ge m+10 且 c≥m+10c\ge m+10;又因为众数是 3232,必有 b=c=32b=c=32。原数列的总和为 110110,所以 a+m=36a+m=36。把 mm 替换为 m−8m-8 后,中位数为 a=m−4a=m-4,所以 2m−4=362m-4=36,解得 m=20m=20。因此正确答案是 E。
The list has 102=5\frac{10}{2}=5 entries. Write them 10≤a≤m≤b≤c.10\le a\le m\le b\le c. Replacing mm by m+10m+10 makes that value the median, so b≥m+10b\ge m+10 and c≥m+10;c\ge m+10; because the mode is 32,32, we must have b=c=32.b=c=32. The original total is 110,110, giving a+m=36.a+m=36. Replacing mm by m−8m-8 makes the median a=m−4,a=m-4, so 2m−4=362m-4=36 and m=20.m=20. Thus E is correct.
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