1957 AMC 12 第 21 题

先试着解答 1957 AMC 12 第 21 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1957 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

以定理“若一个三角形的两个角相等,则该三角形是等腰三角形”为出发点,并考察以下四个命题:
11。若一个三角形的两个角不相等,则该三角形不是等腰三角形。
22。等腰三角形的两个底角相等。
33。若一个三角形不是等腰三角形,则它的两个角不相等。
44。一个三角形为等腰三角形,是其两个角相等的必要条件。
下列哪组命题只包含与所给定理逻辑等价的命题?
Start with the theorem “If two angles of a triangle are equal, the triangle is isosceles,” and the following four statements:
1.1. If two angles of a triangle are not equal, the triangle is not isosceles.
2.2. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
3.3. If a triangle is not isosceles, then two of its angles are not equal.
4.4. A necessary condition that two angles of a triangle be equal is that the triangle be isosceles.
Which combination of statements contains only those which are logically equivalent to the given theorem?
11, 22, 33, 44
1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 44
11, 22, 33
1,1, 2,2, 33
22, 33, 44
2,2, 3,3, 44
11, 22
1,1, 22
33, 44
3,3, 44
答案:E
知识点:逻辑推理
小提示:
将定理写成 P⇒QP\Rightarrow Q,并把各命题与其否命题、逆命题或逆否命题比较
Write the theorem as P⇒QP\Rightarrow Q and compare each statement with its inverse, converse, or contrapositive
大提示:
一个命题总与其逆否命题等价,但通常不与其逆命题或否命题等价
A statement is always equivalent to its contrapositive, but not generally to its converse or inverse
解答:
令 PP 表示两个角相等,QQ 表示三角形为等腰三角形。命题 33 是逆否命题 ¬Q⇒¬P\neg Q\Rightarrow\neg P,所以它与 P⇒QP\Rightarrow Q 等价。命题 44 说 QQ 是 PP 的必要条件,这只是 P⇒QP\Rightarrow Q 的另一种表述。命题 11 与 22 分别是否命题和逆命题。
因此,只有命题 33 与 44 等价,正确答案是 E。
Let PP mean that two angles are equal and QQ that the triangle is isosceles. Statement 33 is the contrapositive ¬Q⇒¬P,\neg Q\Rightarrow\neg P, so it is equivalent to P⇒Q.P\Rightarrow Q. Statement 44 says that QQ is necessary for P,P, which is another wording of P⇒Q.P\Rightarrow Q. Statements 11 and 22 are the inverse and converse.
Thus only statements 33 and 44 are equivalent, so the correct answer is E.
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