1987 AMC 12 第 12 题

先试着解答 1987 AMC 12 第 12 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1987 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

在一间办公室里,老板一天中不时给秘书一封信让其打字,每次都把新信放在秘书收件箱中信堆的最上面。秘书有空时,就取出最上面的一封信打字。假设共有五封信,老板按 11、22、33、44、55 的顺序送来。下列哪一个顺序不可能是秘书的打字顺序?
In an office, at various times during the day the boss gives the secretary a letter to type, each time putting the letter on top of the pile in the secretary’s in-box. When there is time, the secretary takes the top letter off the pile and types it. If there are five letters in all, and the boss delivers them in the order 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, which of the following could not be the order in which the secretary types them?
11,22,33,44,55
1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 55
22,44,33,55,11
2,2, 4,4, 3,3, 5,5, 11
33,22,44,11,55
3,3, 2,2, 4,4, 1,1, 55
44,55,22,33,11
4,4, 5,5, 2,2, 3,3, 11
55,44,33,22,11
5,5, 4,4, 3,3, 2,2, 11
答案:D
知识点:stack order排列logical feasibility
小提示:
仍在信堆中的信,从下到上始终按编号递增排列
Letters still in the pile always remain in increasing order from bottom to top
大提示:
打完信 44 后,考察在打信 22 之前哪一封编号更小的信必定位于最上面
After letter 44 is typed, examine which smaller letter must be on top before 22 can be typed
解答:
要使选项 D 中的 44 最先打完,信 1,2,3,41,2,3,4 必须都已送到;信堆中紧邻下面的 33 会在取出 44 后留在最上面。此时可以送来并打完信 55,但 33 仍在 22 的上面,所以接下来不可能打信 22。因此,4,5,2,3,14,5,2,3,1 是不可能的顺序。其余每个所列顺序都可以通过交错安排送信和打字来实现。
所以正确答案是 D。
To type 44 first in choice D, letters 1,2,3,41,2,3,4 must all have been delivered, leaving 33 on top after 44 is removed. Letter 55 can then be delivered and typed, but 33 is still above 2,2, so 22 cannot be typed next. Thus 4,5,2,3,14,5,2,3,1 is impossible. Each other listed order can be produced by interleaving deliveries and typings.
Therefore the correct answer is D.
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