1990 AMC 12 第 25 题

先试着解答 1990 AMC 12 第 25 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1990 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

九个全等的球装入一个单位立方体中,其中一个球的球心位于立方体中心,其余每个球都与中心球以及立方体的三个面相切。每个球的半径是多少?
Nine congruent spheres are packed inside a unit cube in such a way that one of them has its center at the center of the cube and each of the others is tangent to the center sphere and to three faces of the cube. What is the radius of each sphere?
1−321-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}
23−32\frac{2\sqrt3-3}{2}
26\frac{\sqrt2}{6}
14\frac14
3(2−2)4\frac{\sqrt3(2-\sqrt2)}4
答案:B
知识点:three-dimensional geometry距离公式tangent spheres
小提示:
将一个角落球的球心置于 (r,r,r)(r,r,r)
Place one corner sphere’s center at (r,r,r)(r,r,r)
大提示:
它到 (12,12,12)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}) 的距离等于 2r2r
Its distance from (12,12,12)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}) equals 2r2r
解答:
若半径为 rr,则一个角落球的球心为 (r,r,r)(r,r,r),中心球的球心为 (12,12,12)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})。相切条件给出 3(12−r)=2r。 \sqrt3\left(\frac12-r\right)=2r\text{。}解方程并将分母有理化,r=32(2+3)=23−32。 r=\frac{\sqrt3}{2(2+\sqrt3)} =\frac{2\sqrt3-3}{2}\text{。}
所以正确答案是 B。
If the radius is r,r, a corner sphere has center (r,r,r)(r,r,r) and the central sphere has center (12,12,12).(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}). Tangency gives 3(12−r)=2r. \sqrt3\left(\frac12-r\right)=2r. Solving and rationalizing, r=32(2+3)=23−32. r=\frac{\sqrt3}{2(2+\sqrt3)} =\frac{2\sqrt3-3}{2}.
Thus the correct answer is B.
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