1976 AMC 12 第 24 题

先试着解答 1976 AMC 12 第 24 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1976 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

24.

在所附图中,圆 KK 的直径为 ABAB;圆 LL 与圆 KK 相切,并在圆 KK 的圆心处与 ABAB 相切;圆 MM 与圆 KK、圆 LL 和 ABAB 都相切。圆 KK 与圆 MM 的面积之比为
In the adjoining figure, circle KK has diameter AB;AB; circle LL is tangent to circle KK and to ABAB at the center of circle K;K; and circle MM is tangent to circle K,K, to circle LL and to AB.AB. The ratio of the area of circle KK to the area of circle MM is
1212
1414
1616
1818
不是整数
not an integer
答案:C
知识点:相切圆勾股定理面积比
小提示:
把圆 KK 的半径缩放为 22,则圆 LL 的半径为 11
Scale the radius of KK to 2,2, so circle LL has radius 11
大提示:
若圆 MM 的半径为 tt、圆心为 (x,t)(x,t),利用它与两个较大圆的相切关系
If MM has radius tt and center (x,t),(x,t), use its tangencies to both larger circles
解答:
令圆 KK 的圆心为 (0,0)(0,0)、半径为 22,并令 ABAB 为 xx 轴。则圆 LL 的圆心为 (0,1)(0,1)、半径为 11。若圆 MM 的圆心为 (x,t)(x,t)、半径为 tt,它与圆 KK 内切并与圆 LL 外切,故 x2+t2=(2−t)2,x2+(t−1)2=(1+t)2。 \begin{aligned} x^2+t^2&=(2-t)^2,\\ x^2+(t-1)^2&=(1+t)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}两式分别化为 x2=4−4tx^2=4-4t 和 x2=4tx^2=4t,所以 t=12t=\frac12。半径之比为 2:12=4:12:\frac{1}{2}=4:1,因此面积之比为 1616。
所以正确答案是 C。
Take KK to have center (0,0)(0,0) and radius 2,2, with ABAB the xx-axis. Then LL has center (0,1)(0,1) and radius 1.1. If MM has center (x,t)(x,t) and radius t,t, internal tangency to KK and external tangency to LL give x2+t2=(2−t)2,x2+(t−1)2=(1+t)2. \begin{aligned} x^2+t^2&=(2-t)^2,\\ x^2+(t-1)^2&=(1+t)^2. \end{aligned} These simplify to x2=4−4tx^2=4-4t and x2=4t,x^2=4t, so t=12.t=\frac12. The radius ratio is 2:12=4:1,2:\frac{1}{2}=4:1, hence the area ratio is 16.16.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
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